华北平原一次中尺度对流系统分析   总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2  

吕胜辉  高艳红  刘伟 《高原气象》2005,24(2):268-274

2002年6月1日在华北平原发生了β尺度的中尺度对流系统(MβCSs)。利用气象常规资料的客观分析产品对这次过程进行了分析,结果表明．在高空东北冷涡影响下,华北平原的东北方向出现急流,MβCSs发生在急流右侧的风速切变区中;由于高空正涡度平流、低空负涡度平流的共同作用,高空辐散,低空辐合,使对流层中层的上升运动得以维持;华北平原低空水汽通量辐合．有源源不断的水汽供应;高层总能量减少,低层总能量增加,使华北平原在垂直方向有大量的不稳定能量积聚。以上分析表明：华北平原具备了对流产生的动力和热力条件。该文揭示了MβCSs产生的原因,并为以后进一步做好MβCSs的预报总结了经验。  相似文献   

Coupled ‘storm‐flood’ depositional model: Application to the Miocene–Modern Baram Delta Province,north‐west Borneo          下载免费PDF全文

Daniel S. Collins  Howard D. Johnson  Peter A. Allison  Pierre Guilpain  Abdul Razak Damit 《Sedimentology》2017,64(5):1203-1235

The Miocene to Modern Baram Delta Province is a highly efficient source to sink system that has accumulated 9 to 12 km of coastal–deltaic to shelf sediments over the past 15 Myr. Facies analysis based on ca 1 km of total vertical outcrop stratigraphy, combined with subsurface geology and sedimentary processes in the present‐day Baram Delta Province, suggests a ‘storm‐flood’ depositional model comprising two distinct periods: (i) fair‐weather periods are dominated by alongshore sediment reworking and coastal sand accumulation; and (ii) monsoon‐driven storm periods are characterized by increased wave‐energy and offshore‐directed downwelling storm flow that occur simultaneously with peak fluvial discharge caused by storm precipitation (‘storm‐floods’). The modern equivalent environment has the following characteristics: (i) humid‐tropical monsoonal climate; (ii) narrow (ca <100 km) and steep (ca 1°), densely vegetated, coastal plain; (iii) deep tropical weathering of a mudstone‐dominated hinterland; (iv) multiple independent, small to moderate‐sized (10² to 10⁵ km²) drainage basins; (v) predominance of river‐mouth bypassing; and (vi) supply‐dominated shelf. The ancient, proximal part of this system (the onshore Belait Formation) is dominated by strongly cyclical sandier‐upward successions (metre to decametre‐scale) comprising (from bottom to top): (i) finely laminated mudstone with millimetre‐scale silty laminae; (ii) heterolithic sandstone–mudstone alternations (centimetre to metre‐scale); and (iii) sharp‐based, swaley cross‐stratified sandstone beds and bedsets (metre to decimetre‐scale). Gutter casts (decimetre to metre‐scale) are widespread, they are filled with swaley cross‐stratified sandstone and their long axes are oriented perpendicular to the palaeo‐shoreline. The gutter casts and other associated waning‐flow event beds suggest that erosion and deposition was controlled by high‐energy, offshore‐directed, oscillatory‐dominated, sediment‐laden combined flows within a shoreface to delta front setting. The presence of multiple river mouths and exceptionally high rates of accommodation creation (characteristic of the Neogene to Recent Baram Delta Province; up to 3000 m Ma⁻¹), in a ‘storm‐flood’‐dominated environment, resulted in a highly efficient and effective offshore‐directed sediment transport system.  相似文献   

Transition from storm wave‐dominated outer shelf to gullied upper slope: The mid‐Pliocene Orinoco shelf margin,South Trinidad          下载免费PDF全文

Yang Peng  Ronald J. Steel  Cornel Olariu 《Sedimentology》2017,64(6):1511-1539

Shelf‐edge deltas are a key depositional environment for accreting sediment onto shelf‐margin clinoforms. The Moruga Formation, part of the palaeo‐Orinoco shelf‐margin sedimentary prism of south‐east Trinidad, provides new insight into the incremental growth of a Pliocene, storm wave‐dominated shelf margin. Relatively little is known about the mechanisms of sand bypass from the shelf‐break area of margins, and in particular from storm wave‐dominated margins which are generally characterized by drifting of sand along strike until meeting a canyon or channel. The studied St. Hilaire Siltstone and Trinity Hill Sandstone succession is 260 m thick and demonstrates a continuous transition from gullied (with turbidites) uppermost slope upward to storm wave‐dominated delta front on the outermost shelf. The basal upper‐slope deposits are dominantly mass‐transport deposited blocks, as well as associated turbidites and debrites with common soft‐sediment‐deformed strata. The overlying uppermost slope succession exhibits a spectacular set of gullies, which are separated by abundant slump‐scar unconformities (tops of rotational slides), then filled with debris‐flow conglomerates and sandy turbidite beds with interbedded mudstones. The top of the study succession, on the outer‐shelf area, contains repeated upward‐coarsening, sandstone‐rich parasequences (2 to 15 m thick) with abundant hummocky and swaley cross‐stratification, clear evidence of storm‐swell and storm wave‐dominated conditions. The observations suggest reconstruction of the unstable shelf margin as follows: (i) the aggradational storm wave‐dominated, shelf‐edge delta front became unstable and collapsed down the slope; (ii) the excavated scars of the shelf margin became gullied, but gradually healed (aggraded) by repeated infilling by debris flows and turbidites, and then new gullying and further infilling; and (iii) a renewed storm wave‐dominated delta‐front prograded out across the healed outer shelf, re‐establishing the newly stabilized shelf margin. The Moruga Formation study, along with only a few others in the literature, confirms the sediment bypass ability of storm wave‐dominated reaches of shelf edges, despite river‐dominated deltas being, by far, the most efficient shelf‐edge regime for sediment bypass at the shelf break.  相似文献   

海南岛东南部海岸砂丘风暴冲越沉积记录   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨保明  高抒  周亮  赵秧秧  屠佳雨  王成龙 《沉积学报》2017,35(6):1133-1143

通过海南岛东南部海岸详细的古风暴学考察,在尖岭海岸发现了含有风暴冲越沉积物的海岸沙丘剖面,分别命名为JL-1和JL-2剖面,试图从海岸沙丘沉积记录中提取历史上的风暴事件信息。沉积物粒度、磁化率等参数的指标分析表明,这两个剖面含有典型的风暴冲越沉积物,利用放射性核素AMS14C测年、OSL测年分析,并结合历史文献记载,确定这些风暴沉积层是多次台风作用的产物,其形成机制与风暴浪越过海岸沙丘的堆积有关,风暴流越过沙丘顶部后不能回流,导致风暴流携带的沉积物迅速沉积。此外,依据Stockdon经验公式计算结果,该地点沉积记录所代表的最大风暴事件相当于100到200年一遇的重现期。研究表明,该处海岸沙丘冲越沉积含有南海台风强度与重现期的重要信息。  相似文献   

典型海湾风暴潮增水特征与机理研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨万康  杨青莹  伊小飞  尹宝树  张峰 《海洋通报》2017,36(5):532-537

以三门湾为例,基于经验模态分解方法 (EMD)将原始风暴潮增水过程进行分解,并对各个子模态进行能量谱分析,研究每种波动对应的生成机制。结果表明:半封闭海湾内的风暴潮增水较为严重,造成三门湾内强增水的台风为三门湾南侧的西北向登陆台风。EMD分解结果显示三门湾内的风暴潮增水包含6 h,12 h,20 h左右的波动,其中6 h左右的波动来源于海湾共振,共振的频率是由海湾的形状、水深等固有性质所决定的。12 h的波动是由于天文潮与风暴潮耦合作用导致,20 h左右的波动是由于台风移动过程中外海波动的传入。结果表明EMD方法为风暴潮波动增水特征的精细认知提供了一种新的思路和方法,可以加深对海湾内风暴潮波动增水特征的研究。  相似文献   

江苏近海风暴潮增水数值模拟研究     

何顺之  王新怡  徐腾飞  汪一航  王永刚 《海洋科学》2017,41(12):86-95

为研究江苏近海海域风暴潮的特性以及为该海域风暴潮增水变化机理及后报做铺垫,本文基于FVCOM(Finite Volume Coast and Ocean Model)海洋模式和Jelesnianski圆形台风风场模型,建立了江苏近海风暴潮数值模型,并对江苏近海的天文潮以及1109号台风和1210号台风引起的风暴潮进行模拟。结合验潮站水位观测,研究了连云港站和吕泗站的天文潮和风暴潮增水过程。我们将风暴潮与天文潮非线性作用下的风暴潮增水和纯风暴潮增水过程进行对比,讨论了天文潮与1109号和1210号台风风暴潮之间的非线性作用引起的增水特征。结果均表明,在天文潮高潮时,天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用可以抑制增水,在天文潮低潮时,天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用有利于增水。除了气象因子以及天文潮和风暴潮之间的非线性作用外,该海区的地理环境也对台风风暴潮增水产生影响。因此对江苏近海的海岸线变化和浅滩地形变化进行敏感性试验,结果表明,本文所设计的海岸线变化对该海域的风暴潮增水影响较小,江苏沿海岸线的向外推移使得江苏海域风暴潮的增水略微上涨,而本文所设计的地形的变化对风暴潮增水影响较大。  相似文献   

琼州海峡海口站近岸风暴增水概率风险分析     

陈玲舫  韩树宗  车志伟  罗耀  谢强 《海洋工程》2017,35(2):115-122

基于海口站1976~1997年逐时潮位和逐日最大风速资料,利用阿基米德Copula函数构建海口年最大增水与相应日期最大风速的联合概率分布模型。结果表明:1)广义极值分布可作为海口站年最大增水和相应日期最大风速的边缘分布。两个序列之间存在强正相关关系,G-H Copula函数更适用于作为海口站年最大增水和相应日期的最大风速联合概率分布的连接函数。2)两变量联合作用的同频率增水高度设计值与增水的单变量边缘分布设计值之间的相对差值约为7.5%。3)条件概率1(P(Y≥y|X≥x))中同频率的年最大增水和相应风速的遭遇概率介于78.2%~80.9%,条件概率2(P(Y≥y|X≤x))中同频率的年最大增水和相应风速两者的遭遇概率小于4.8%。  相似文献   

1991～2013年发生在西沙永兴岛的台风风暴潮统计特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

梁海萍  梁海燕  陈海南  陈道严 《应用海洋学学报》2017,36(2):243-248

利用1991～2013年西沙海洋站实测的潮位、气压、风资料,统计分析发生在西沙永兴岛的台风风暴潮特征.统计结果为以后的台风风暴潮增水预报工作提供一定借鉴.统计分析发现：发生在永兴岛的台风风暴潮过程年最大增水值基本在34cm处上下波动,最高预警级别仅为蓝色;最大增水有明显的年际变化特征,预计接下来10a左右发生在永兴岛的台风风暴增水值大体逐年递减;最大增水若与极大天文潮相叠加,在永兴岛可能出现灾害性高潮位;年最大增水有明显的季节特征,在夏季最强,其次为秋季,冬季和春季最弱;台风中心经过时由负压引起的增水较为明显,单峰型、双峰型和振荡型的增水曲线形态均有出现;影响西沙永兴岛的热带气旋的年最大风速年际与季节性变化是导致永兴岛台风风暴潮特征的主要成因之一.  相似文献   

Global distributions of storm-time ionospheric currents as seen in geomagnetic field variations     

Atsuki Shinbori  Tomoaki Hori  Yoshimasa Tanaka  Yukinobu Koyama  Takashi Kikuchi  Tsutomu Nagatsuma 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):296-314

To investigate temporal and spatial evolution of global geomagnetic field variations from high-latitude to the equator during geomagnetic storms, we analyzed ground geomagnetic field disturbances from high latitudes to the magnetic equator. The daytime ionospheric equivalent current during the storm main phase showed that twin-vortex ionospheric currents driven by the Region 1 field-aligned currents （R1 FACs） are intensified significantly and expand to the low-latitude region of-30~ magnetic latitude. Centers of the currents were located around 70~ and 65~ in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Corresponding to intensification of the R1 FACs, an enhancement of the eastward/westward equatorial electrojet occurred at the daytime/nighttime dip equator. This signature suggests that the enhanced convection electric field penetrates to both the daytime and nighttime equa- tor. During the recovery phase, the daytime equivalent current showed that two new pairs of twin vortices, which are different from two-cell ionospheric currents driven by the R1 FACs, appear in the polar cap and mid latitude. The former led to enhanced north- ward Bz （NBZ） FACs driven by lobe reconnection tailward of the cusps, owing to the northward interplanetary magnetic field （IMF）. The latter was generated by enhanced Region 2 field-aligned currents （R2 FACs）. Associated with these magnetic field variations in the mid-latitudes and polar cap, the equatorial magnetic field variation showed a strongly negative signature, produced by the westward equatorial electrojet current caused by the dusk-to-dawn electric field.  相似文献   

Back‐barrier flooding by storm surges and overland flow     

Sergio Fagherazzi  Anthony M. Priestas 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(4):400-410

Low‐elevation areas within a sandy barrier island are subject to flooding via saturation overland flow following moderate storm surges and rainfall events. Using a high resolution topographic survey and simple hydrology models, we estimate the discharge and velocities from storm surge return flow and saturation overland flow. Results show that return flow velocities are of the same magnitude as the critical velocity necessary to mobilize sand when a hydraulic connection between the watershed and back‐barrier bay is present. Storms of moderate strength and rainfall intensity may be sufficient to keep the return channels open within the back‐barrier, thus providing natural conduits for water exchange from overwash events during extreme storm surges triggered by hurricanes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献